Java命令执行

Windows

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

public class exec {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Process process = null;
        try {
            String cmd ="cmd /c echo 1 > 1.txt";
            process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream(), Charset.forName("gbk")));
            String line = null;
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

对执行的command判断，非空后进行识别

其中StringTokenizer默认是空格分隔
再存入数组

一直到exec返回值
来看下这三个值的含义

会发现，其实底层还是使用ProcessBuilder.start来执行刚才拿到的cmdarray

数组的第一个元素存入prog，也就是要执行的命令
然后判断security是否为空，是则继续进行，否则调用SecurityManager.checkExec检验prog
执行的命令不能是空格开头，否则会抛出异常

public Process start() throws IOException {
        // Must convert to array first -- a malicious user-supplied
        // list might try to circumvent the security check.
        String[] cmdarray = command.toArray(new String[command.size()]);
        cmdarray = cmdarray.clone();

        for (String arg : cmdarray)
            if (arg == null)
                throw new NullPointerException();
        // Throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if command is empty
        String prog = cmdarray[0];

        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (security != null)
            security.checkExec(prog);

        String dir = directory == null ? null : directory.toString();

        for (int i = 1; i < cmdarray.length; i++) {
            if (cmdarray[i].indexOf('\u0000') >= 0) {
                throw new IOException("invalid null character in command");
            }
        }

        try {
            return ProcessImpl.start(cmdarray,
                                     environment,
                                     dir,
                                     redirects,
                                     redirectErrorStream);
        } catch (IOException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
            String exceptionInfo = ": " + e.getMessage();
            Throwable cause = e;
            if ((e instanceof IOException) && security != null) {
                // Can not disclose the fail reason for read-protected files.
                try {
                    security.checkRead(prog);
                } catch (SecurityException se) {
                    exceptionInfo = "";
                    cause = se;
                }
            }
            // It's much easier for us to create a high-quality error
            // message than the low-level C code which found the problem.
            throw new IOException(
                "Cannot run program \"" + prog + "\""
                + (dir == null ? "" : " (in directory \"" + dir + "\")")
                + exceptionInfo,
                cause);
        }
    }

在执行的命令前加上cmd /c实际上是告诉计算机此时的环境变量

Linux

ProcessBuilder下的构造方法

/**
     * 构建一个具有指定操作系统和参数的进程构建器。
     * 系统程序和参数。 这是一个方便的
     * 构建器，它将进程构建器的命令设置为一个字符串
     * 包含与{@code command}相同的字符串的列表。
     * 数组，顺序相同。 它并不检查是否
     * {@code command}是否对应于一个有效的操作系统
     * 命令。
     *
     * @param command 一个包含程序及其参数的字符串数组
     */
public ProcessBuilder(String... command) {
        this.command = new ArrayList<>(command.length);
        for (String arg : command)
            this.command.add(arg);
    }

如果传入参数是字符串数组，参数不会被StringTokenizer影响

package exec;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

public class RuntimeExec {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Process process = null;
        try {
            String[] cmd = {"/bin/sh", "-c", "echo 111 > 3.txt"};
            process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream(), Charset.forName("gbk")));
            String line = null;
            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}